What are ion exchange membranes (IEM) composed of?
Ion exchange membranes are composed of ionic head groups attached to polymer matrices.
How can ion exchange membranes be classified?
Ion exchange membranes can be classified as anion exchange membranes (AEM) or cation exchange membranes (CEM) depending on the type of ion that is permitted to cross the membrane layer.
What type of ion are anion exchange membranes (AEM) permeable to?
Anion exchange membranes (AEM) are permeable to anions and repel cations.
What are the two types of anions that alkaline anion exchange membranes (AAEMs) can pass?
Alkaline anion exchange membranes (AAEMs) can pass alkaline form anions such as OH- and HCO3-.
What are some methods used to characterize anion exchange membranes (AEM)?
Methods such as microscopy (SEM) and spectroscopy (ERD, NMR, FTIR, SAXS) are used to characterize the molecular composition and structure of the membranes.
How is the ion exchange capacity (IEC) of a membrane measured?
The ion exchange capacity (IEC) is measured as the number of exchangeable ions per membrane dry weight (meqiv/g or mmol/g).
How is the swelling ratio (SR) of a membrane calculated?
The swelling ratio (SR) is calculated as a percentage difference between the wet and dry membrane lengths.
What does the water uptake (WU) of a membrane measure?
The water uptake (WU) measures the change in membrane mass when exposed to water.
How is the membrane water content (γ) calculated?
The membrane water content (γ) is calculated by dividing the water uptake by the molecular weight of water and the ion exchange capacity (IEC).
How is the alkaline stability of an anion exchange membrane (AEM) measured?
The alkaline stability is a measure of how the AEM performance changes over time when exposed to high-pH environments.